Urologists are specialized Physicians focused on the urinary system across genders and ages. Urologists must be extremely experienced, completing up to 13 years of education to earn their title. The roles and responsibilities of Urologists largely depend on their patients. However, they should have a strong understanding of anatomy and how to treat any issues involving the urinary system, and how it may affect other areas. 
  
There are many different reasons why someone may need to see a Urologist, but some of the most common issues they can help treat include kidney stones, prostate cancer, urinary infections, and other health such as erectile dysfunction (ED). Urologists can further specialize in their field with the advanced study of oncology, children's urology, reconstructive urology, and more.   
  
Urologists can offer patients different treatments for their unique issues, such as vasectomies to prevent pregnancy and cystoscopies that point to issues in the bladder or urethra. They may also conduct biopsies by removing tissue and sending the test samples to the cancer analysis lab. Physicians will refer their patients to a Urologist when they are unable to treat mild urinary issues. 

Roles & Responsibilities for a Urologist 

• Working directly with patients who are encountering issues with their urinary system  
• Undergoing physical examinations that may include blood work, scans, and genital or exams  
• Treating problems linked to the urinary system including urinary tract infections, male infertility, kidney stones, incontinence, urologic oncology, enlarged prostates, erective dysfunctions, and more  
• Performing surgeries on patients when required (e.g., removing a tumor, performing a kidney transplant, removing kidney stones, vasectomies to prevent pregnancies)  
• Performing cystoscopies or ureteroscopic exams, allowing for a closer look at the bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys.  
• Prescribing medication related to the urinary system, including chemotherapy drugs  
• Testing
• samples to check for infections  
• Conducting imaging tests such as ultrasounds, CT, and MRI scans  
• Working closely with patients who have bladder, kidney, prostate, or testicular cancer   
• Maintaining their license and continuing to educate themselves in the field of Urology further